The Kellys - A Family Commitment to Benevolence

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The typical image of nineteenth-century Irish immigration to New York is that of the Famine Irish, who arrived in New York in the mid-1800s in large numbers, many starving and destitute, who worked for low wages and in poor conditions, and who lived in some of the city's most infamous slums. It is these immigrants, Catholic tradi - tion tells us, on whose nickels and dimes the Catholic Church in New York City was built.

However, this narrative leaves out an important piece of the story of Irish Catholic New York. Although their population was significantly smaller, there were some Irish immigrants in nineteenth-century New York who were among the wealthi - est members of society, and the generosity and dedication of this group allowed for the creation of institutions to assist their fellow countrymen in a times of anti-Irish, anti-Catholic sentiment. The names of these men are among the founders of Irish and Catholic benevolent societies and foundations throughout the city. They include Cornelius Heeney, an emigrant from CountYoffaly, who, after making a fortune in the American fur trade, donated much of his money to Catholic charitable causes, including the first Catholic church in New York, St. Peter's, St. Patrick's Old Cathedral, and the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum. Also included is Andrew Carrigan, who emigrated in the early 1800s, made his fortune in New York, and after retiring spent his time as the Commissioner of Emigration, president of the Irish Emigrant Society, and on the board of the Emigrant Savings Bank. Daniel Devlin, Gregory Dillon, Henry Hoguet, Felix Ingoldsby, Dominick Lynch, and Andrew Morris have similar stories. This commitment to benevolence can be particularly seen in the story of Eugene Kelly and his family. Although now lost to time, the story of the Kelly family traces almost a century of Irish Catholic philanthropy, dedicated to the cause of Ireland and bettering the lives of her citizens both at home and in New York. the first generation: eugene and margaret hughes kelly The Irish Catholic roots of the Kelly family in New York can be traced to Eugene Kelly, who emigrated from Trillick, County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1830, when he was twenty-four years old. To fund his travel, Kelly sold land The Kellys: A Family Commitment to Benevolence Kate Feighery is Archivist for the Archdiocese of New York. She has been at the Archdiocese since 2012. She received a Master's Degree in Irish & Irish American Studies in 2010 and an Advanced Certificate in Archiving in 2012, both from New York University. She is a certified archivist, and serves on the board of the Association of Catholic Diocesan. ©2017. Published with permission of Kate Feighery Illustration: R eproduction of a painting of Eugene Kelly, Sr., from the Coast Banker for July 1914, a newspaper devoted to business interests of the Pacific Coast. Kelly emigrated from Co. Tyrone in 1830 and found work in New York in a drygoods store. In the next decade he followed the Gold Rush to California. Courtesy of Coast Banker.

NYIHR_P17_Feighery_V30_1R.indd 178/28/17 12:49 PM Vol. 30, 2016 in County Derry that had been left to him by his mother. He found work as a clerk at the Donnelly Brothers dry-goods firm in New York, before moving first to Maysville, Kentucky, and then to St. Louis, Missouri, both times to establish new branches of the store. In 1842, he met Anna Teresa Donnelly, daughter of the late Charles Donnelly of the Donnelly Brothers firm. The couple was married in St. Louis by Bishop John Hughes of New York and in 1844 had a daughter, Eugenia. Anna died in 1848, and in 1850, Eugene followed the promise of the gold rush to California with a business partner, Joseph A. Donohoe. Once in San Francisco, Kelly and Donohoe opened a dry-goods store, leav - ing that business in 1861 to establish a banking business, Donohoe, Kelly, & Co. Soon after, the partners felt the business would benefit from a branch on the East Coast, so Kelly went to New York, where he opened the Eugene Kelly & Co. bank. In 1857, Kelly married Margaret Hughes, niece of New York's Archbishop John Hughes. Margaret, the daughter of Hughes' brother Michael, was born in Pennsylvania and raised in LeFargeville, New York. Kelly's connection to Archbishop Hughes goes back to at least the early 1840s, and it is presumed that they first came into contact through Kelly's brother, the Reverend John Kelly. Fr. Kelly was born in Ireland in 1802, and emigrated in 1825 to enter Mount St. Mary's Seminary at Emittsburg, Maryland. He was ordained a priest for the diocese of New York by Bishop John DuBois on September 14, 1833, and his first assignment was as an assis - tant at St. Patrick's Cathedral on Mott Street. He then served mainly in upstate New York, but spent the last twenty years of his life at St. Peter's Church in Jersey City (at the time, the church was still a part of the Diocese of New York). Eugene Kelly donated a large chime to St. Peter's in honor of his brother, and later donated a stained glass window of St. Paul to the new St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, in honor of his late brother. Fr. Kelly died April 28, 1866. Eugene Kelly was known for a devotion to both the Catholic Church (which he shared with Margaret) and to Ireland, commitments that can be traced through his philanthropic works, and which he passed on to members of his family after his death. The personal and professional relationship he had with Archbishop Hughes cemented his connection to the Catholic church, and Kelly was known Illustration: This 1864 advertisement appeared a San Francisco newspaper for the banking business of Eugene Kelly and his partner, Joseph Donohoe. During the same decade, Kelly returned to New York and established an east coast branch of the business. Courtesy of Daily Alta California . Photo: Rev. John Kelly was ordained in 1833 and assigned to St. Patrick's Cathedral on Mott Street. In the mid-1840s John Kelly became pastor of St. Peter's Church in Jersey City, then part of the New York Diocese. The older brother of Eugene Kelly, he may have introduced Eugene to his bishop, John Hughes. Courtesy of the Jersey City Free Public Library.

NYIHR_P17_Feighery_V30_1R.indd 188/28/17 12:49 PM as one of Hughes' closest advisors, offering him investment and legal recommendations, as well as time spent on causes close to Hughes. He assisted the Archbishop with the fiscal difficulties facing many of his parishes, at one point even arranging for a parish to avoid taking out a mortgage on their debts, and instead stepping in with the banks to arrange a promissory note. Hughes depended on Kelly for both time and funds for many of the charitable initiatives the Archbishop started throughout the city, and Kelly's commitment to these continued after the Archbishop's death in 1864. In addition to being one of the first $1,000 donors to the initial building campaign for St. Patrick's Cathedral, Kelly also served on the Cathedral's board of trustees, and continued to offer donations for the cathedral's construction through the years. Kelly was one of the first members of the Committee of New York Catholic Protectory, a child-care institution set up by Hughes in 1863. In 1892, when Archbishop Michael Corrigan was fund raising for the new diocesan seminary in Yonkers, Kelly was one of the first subscribers, with a pledge of $10,000. He was a trustee of Seton Hall University, and one of the early donors to the Catholic University of America, where he served on the board of directors. After his death, his wife endowed two chairs at the university: the Eugene Kelly Chair of Ecclesiastical History and the Margaret Hughes Kelly Chair of Holy Scripture. Kelly ensured his commitment to New York Catholics even after his death in 1894: his will left $110,000 to Catholic causes in New York, the sum to be set in a trust overseen and divided as necessary by Archbishop Corrigan. The money was ultimately distributed to over thirtyfive institutions, including: St. Elizabeth's Indian School; the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum; St. Vincent's Hospital; St. Benedict's Home for Colored Orphans; St. Joseph's Home for the Aged; and the Foundling Asylum. As Margaret Kelly told Archbishop Corrigan in an 1896 letter, "none of our institutions were overlooked and some seem to be very much surprised at this unexpected gift." commmitment to the irish Eugene Kelly was also fiercely committed to Vol. 30, 2016 Illustration: A rchbishop John Hughes depicted in a lithograph published ca. 1850. Hughes was appointed bishop for the New York Diocese thirteen years earlier. Eugene Kelly and Hughes' sister, Margaret, married in 1857. Courtesy of Library of Congress.

NYIHR_P17_Feighery_V30_1R.indd 198/28/17 12:49 PM Vol. 30, 2016 the well-being of his countrymen in New York. He was a member of the Irish Emigrant Society, and served for thirty-five years on the board of trustees of the Emigrant Savings Bank, seventeen of those as vice-president. At his death, the Emigrant Savings Bank proclaimed him "as loyal to his adopted country as he was to that native land which he loved so well, and was ever ready to contribute princely of his large means to ameliorate the privations of her suffering children." Kelly was a member and treasurer of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and the Society noted after his death that "he regarded his wealth as a fund which he held in trust for the benefit of humanity." Kelly was also involved in Democratic politics in New York City , and served as School Commissioner for the New York City Board of Education and on the Finance and Auditing Committees.

Kelly was also a strong supporter of causes in Ireland, particularly self-government for Ireland. However, following the lead of the prelates of the Catholic Church in America, he disavowed some of the more radical organiza - tions, like Clan na Gael, that arose in the midnineteenth century. Kelly, and other members of his circle, believed that the best path forward for Ireland was through parliamentary change. In 1867, after unwillingly being appointed treasurer of the American Fenian Fund, Kelly publically published a notice "disclaiming connection with the Fenian move - ment." However, he continued to actively support moderate bids for Irish autonomy, particularly the Home Rule movement. He worked to set up a branch of the Land League in New York City. In 1885, he was elected president and treasurer of the newly organized Irish Parliamentary Fund Association, originally organized to financially assist Irish members of the British House of Parliament, but soon expanding its cause to more gener - ally agitate for the cause of Home Rule for Ireland. The group included other prominent Irish Americans like Morgan O'Brien, William Grace, and John Crimmins. Kelly started the fund himself with a donation of $20,000. His obituary in the New York Times claimed that this gift "saved the fortunes of the Irish Party and made possible the passage of the Home Rule Bill through the English House of Commons." Kelly had high hopes for the leaders of the Home Rule movement, at one point stating: I am hopeful as to the outlook for Ireland. If there is any country, and I doubt there is, where the just demands of Ireland have not been discussed, its defeat at present in the face of overwhelming arguments advanced in its favor by the greatest men in England will make people of every part of the civilized world interested and array them on the side of Ireland. After the split in Parnell's party, the forma - tion of the Irish National Federation, and the emergence of John Redmond as the leader of the Home Rule Movement, Eugene Kelly again took a leading role in America. He served as treasurer and president of the Irish National Federation in America, which was formed in 1891 for the purpose of helping Ireland to obtain Home Rule, specifically by raising funds. When the nationalist members of Parliament William O'Brien and John Dillon visited New York in 1890, Eugene Kelly was among the first to call on the two men, and later in their visit he hosted a reception for them on behalf of the Parliamentary Fund Association. Kelly personally donated $1,000 to further the two men's cause. (It was as a result of this visit that Kelly was involved in a small scandal. Kelly, as treasurer of the funds raised, decided to send $15,000 to Justin McCarthy, a nationalist member of Parliament, to distribute among evicted ten - ants in Ireland. Members of the Association claimed Kelly breached the faith of those who donated, who believed the money was going directly to the Irish Parliamentary Party. Ultimately, members of the group asked a Brooklyn judge to step in to prevent Kelly from sending any more money to McCarthy, and the rest of the funds went to the Party.) Kelly also donated liberally to relief causes in Ireland, at one point sending money NYIHR_P17_Feighery_V30_1R.indd 208/28/17 12:49 PM Vol. 30, 2016 directly to the Archbishop of Tuam for the Irish Relief Committee of the city, Col Ter. In the 1870s, he served on the Irish Relief Committee for the United States, along with Thomas Addis Emmet and William Grace. During the Famine of 1880, Eugene Kelly & Co. served as a repository for American donations for Irish relief, sending over $12,000 in less than a month. Eugene Kelly died on December 19, 1894, and at his funeral, the Reverend Dr. Brann summed up his life work: Eugene Kelly never forgot the land of his nativity during his prosperity in the land of his adoption. His name is inscribed on every hearthstone in Ireland, and there are tears and wailings there for his death. His purse was always open to the needs of his country, and he gave almost as much to Ireland as he gave to his beloved church. sharing a commitment Eugene's wife, Margaret, shared her hus - band's commitment to Catholic causes in New York City. Through her aunt, Mother Angela Hughes, a Sister of Charity and one of the founders of St. Vincent's Hospital, Margaret was a consistent source of support for the hospital. She donated $60,000 to the initial building fund, was an annual donor throughout her life, and left an additional $10,000 to the hospital in her will. She was an annual subscriber to the New York Foundling Hospital, also run by the Sisters of Charity, and worked to bring the religious orders of the Sisters of the Assumption and the Sisters of Bon Secours to New York. Margaret also continued her husband's contributions to the St. Joseph's Seminary fund after his death, and left the Seminary $10,000 in her will. Margaret also donated the altar of the Blessed Virgin in the chapel at Seton Hall University. In her will, Margaret directed that some of her jewelry collection (valued at $20,000) be given to Archbishop Corrigan to be fashioned into a pectoral cross. The cross was five inches long, made of gold and diamonds. Margaret was also a strong supporter of the new St. Patrick's Cathedral on Fifth Illustration: T his was the second home for St. Vincent's Hospital, in 1856, at the corner of Eleventh Street and Seventh Avenue in Manhattan. One of its founders in 1840 was Mother Angela Hughes, an aunt of Margaret Hughes Kelly who generously contributed to its support. Her sons continued to aid the hospital during their lifetimes. St. Vincent's served New Yorkers for 160 years. Courtesy of New York Public Library.

NYIHR_P17_Feighery_V30_1R.indd 218/28/17 12:49 PM Vol. 30, 2016 Avenue. She contributed the funds for the baptistery doors, and arranged for their design by John LaFarge, the renowned stained glass designer. In her will, she left $200,000 to Archbishop Corrigan for the St. Patrick's Cathedral Lady Chapel, and she, her husband, and some of her sons are buried in the crypt. Originally Archbishop Corrigan had hoped that the funds for the Lady Chapel would come directly from Eugene Kelly, Sr., but he died before the arrangements could be finalized. Kelly's son, Thomas, promised Monsignor Lavelle, rector of the Cathedral that should his father die before the arrangements were finished, the remaining members of the Kelly family would "erect the chapel as a joint memorial to Archbishop Hughes and their own illustrious husband and father," and Margaret saw this obligation through. the second generation Margaret and Eugene had six sons: John (1858-1885), Eugene (1859-1912), Edward (1863-1901), Thomas (1866-1933), Joseph (1867-1889), and Robert (1869-1919). Both Eugene, Jr. and Edward worked in the banking house of Eugene Kelly & Co. until it was disbanded in 1894. Eugene Kelly was married to the Sara Milmo, daughter of Don Patricio Milmo (an Irish immigrant) of Monterey, Mexico, and had no children. Edward Kelly was married to Helen Persall, and they had three children. Eugene, Jr. and Edward shared their parents' commitment to New York's Catholics. Both continued their mother's dedication to St. Vincent's Hospital: Eugene was president of the board of the hospital and donated money for its chapel. In his will, Eugene also endowed three beds in memory of his Photo: The interior of the Lady Chapel in the east end of St. Patrick's Cathedral, soon after it was constructed in 1901. Built in French gothic style, it was made possible through a bequest by Margaret Kelly. Courtesy of the Archives of the Archdiocese of New York.

NYIHR_P17_Feighery_V30_1R.indd 228/28/17 12:49 PM Vol. 30, 2016 brother Edward, who predeceased him. Edward served as a director at the hospital and, in addition to the hundreds of thousands of dollars donated throughout his lifetime, he also donated the first automobile ambulance to the hospital. Eugene served on the board of directors for the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum and as treasurer of the St. Vincent de Paul Society. He was given the title "Camierier de Cape et d'Eppe," which made him an honorary attaché of the pope's household. He was a Papal Knight, and served on the board of trustees of St. Patrick's Cathedral, and was one of its largest donors, leaving the Cathedral $83,000 in his will. He followed his father by serving on the boards of both the Irish Emigrant Society and the Emigrant Savings Bank. Edward was an active member of St. Agnes's Church, and donated the stained glass windows there in honor of his mother and father. Less is known about the other two children of Eugene Kelly: Eugenia (with his first wife, Anna) and Robert. Eugenia married James A. G. Beales, and had eight children. While Eugenia and her daughters were supports of the Foundling Asylum, her husband, James, supported many of the causes favored by his father-in-law: he was a director of the Catholic Protectory, was a member of the executive committees of the St. Vincent de Paul Society and the Irish Emigrant Society, and was on the board of trustees of the Emigrant Savings Bank. Robert lived in Huntington, Long Island, married Dorothy Van Schaick, and had two sons. Photo: A snapshot (damaged) of Thomas Hughes Kelly taken during 1915-1920, probably while he served as treasurer for Irish Relief. Among the six sons of Eugene and Margaret Kelly, it was Thomas who carried on the two interests of his father, Irish independence and development of Catholic institutions in New York City. Courtesy of Library of Congress. NYIHR_P17_Feighery_V30_1R.indd 238/28/17 12:49 PM Vol. 30, 2016 continuing his father's work: thomas hughes kelly It was in his son, Thomas, that Eugene Kelly, Sr.'s combined devotion to both Catholic and Irish needs truly continued. Thomas continued many of Eugene and Margaret's charitable commitments, through memberships on the boards of trustees of St. Patrick's Cathedral (for forty years), and the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and on the board of managers of the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum. He also served on boards of the Catholic Historical Society, the New York Foundling Hospital, the St. Vincent de Paul Society, the American-Irish Historical Society, and as president of the board of St. Vincent's Hospital. As mentioned above, Thomas, along with his mother and his brother Eugene, donated the money for the St. Patrick's Cathedral Lady Chapel. Among the four sons (the other two were dead at this point), Thomas was the most personally involved, often corresponding with Archbishop Corrigan about architects, plans, and general construction issues. In 1889, he made a contribution toward the Cathedral chimes, and to acknowledge his work Archbishop Corrigan attributed the donation toward the bell in honor of St. Thomas. In 1900, Thomas and Eugene purchased the land directly across the street from the Lady Chapel at Madison Avenue and Fifty-first Street, the future home of the Chancery offices for the Archdiocese of New York. Like his brother Eugene, Thomas was a Papal Knight, and when he married Emerance de Sallier in 1904, her engagement ring was made with a ruby given to Thomas by Pope Leo XIII. In 1920, Thomas and his wife moved to Rome, where they continued their close relationship with the church. In 1932, he was asked to become Ireland's first official representative to the Vatican, but declined. Illustration: A report in the New York Times on the varying responses by British authorities to requests by Americans seeking to travel to Ireland after the Rising. Thomas Hughes Kelly and his party were refused entry. The report was published on July 27, 1916. Courtesy of the New York Times.

NYIHR_P17_Feighery_V30_1R.indd 248/28/17 12:49 PM Vol. 30, 2016 It was his commitment to Ireland and her causes that drew the most passion from Thomas. After the Titanic disaster in 1912, Kelly served as treasurer of a special fund to establish a memorial to Dr. William O'Loughlin, the ship's surgeon and a native of County Kerry, who was killed when the ship sank. Like the Kelly family, the doctor had a close relationship with St. Vincent's Hospital, and the fund was used for a pathology laboratory at the hospital. Unlike his father, Thomas supported total independence for Ireland. After the 1916 Rising, he served as treasurer of the New York-based Irish Relief Fund, donating $100,000 of his own money to the cause. He personally attempted to bring the funds to Ireland in July, 1916. However, he and his associate Joseph Smith were forbidden to disembark from their ship by British authorities. This situation caused an uproar in both America and in Ireland, and eventually the United States State Department was involved. Although acknowledging that many mem - bers of the Irish Relief Fund "openly avowed the cause of Irish independence," the organization was strictly non-political, and Kelly and Smith's mission was described as one of "charity and mercy." Many Irish in America viewed the refusal to allow Kelly and Smith to enter with charitable funds as further proof of England's "war of extermination" against Irish citizens." Representative James Gallivan of Massachusetts went so far as calling for the United States to break off diplomatic relations with Great Britain, calling the decision an "impudent and insulting act." As part of his work with the Irish Relief Fund, Kelly served as treasurer of the Irish Relief Fund Bazaar held in Madison Square Garden in October, 1916. His wife served as chairwomen of the Bazaar's women's committee. Kelly was a well-known student of Irish history, and was active in Irish literary circles. Kelly himself was known to be very musical and artistic. He was a visitor to the home of Lady Gregory, the co-founder of the renowned Abbey Theater in Dublin with W. B. Yeats, and he established a number of scholarships for Irish writers, providing five years of support for the recipients. One of the most well-known recipients was Padraic Colum. Through Colum, Kelly also met James Joyce. Colum dedicated his collection of plays to "his friend, Thomas Hughes Kelly," and after Kelly's death, Colum wrote the poem "In Memory of Thomas Hughes Kelly." Kelly was also a well-known book collector, and his personal library included many volumes about Ireland. Much of the library was purchased after his death by the National Library of Ireland. Through the early 1920s, Thomas served as the honorary secretary of the World Congress of the Irish Race, held in Paris in January, 1922. It discussed "the future interests of the Irish Race at home and throughout the World," as well as offering an "exhibition of Irish art, ancient and modern, concerts of Irish music, and an artistic interpretation of Irish plays both modern and Gaelic." Kelly was, in particular, involved in the exhibit of ancient and modern Irish art. At Kelly's death, Irish President Eamon de Valera sent Michael MacWhite, Minister to Washington of the Irish Free State, as his representative to the funeral. Kelly was eulogized as "always a true friend of Ireland and his purse was always open to her needs." Thomas Kelly died in 1933, outliving all of his brothers, and leaving no heirs. With his death, the dedication of the Kelly family to Ireland, her people, and New York's Catholics came to an end. Without the generosity of the Kelly family, many of New York's leading institutions would not have developed to serve the less fortunate members of Irish-America. The existence of these organizations allowed other immigrants to find their way in American society and establish a meaningful life for themselves. Although not many would ultimately be as successful as the Kellys, many Irish immigrants and their descendents would go on to become contributors to the Irish, Catholic New York, that the Kellys helped to develop. However, the family's legacy lives on in the institutions in both New York and Ireland that would not have existed without the time and money committed by members of the Kelly family for almost a century. NYIHR_P17_Feighery_V30_1R.indd 258/28/17 12:49 PM Endnotes 1 "A Self-Effaced Philanthropist: Cornelius Heeney, 1754-1848". Thomas F. Meehan, The Catholic Historical Review (April 1918). 2 " Refractive History: Memory and the Founders of the Emigrant Savings Bank" by Marion Casey, in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States, J.J. Lee & M.R. Casey, eds. New York: New York University Press, 2006 3 " Eugene Kelly is Dead," The Press, December 20, 1894. 4 "Died," New York Freeman's Journal and Catholic Register, July 8, 1848. 5 " Banker Donohoe is Dead," San Francisco Call , April 6, 1895. 6 I rish-American Historical Miscellany. John D. Crimmins. New York: 1905; "Banker Donohoe is Dead," San Francisco Call, April 6, 1895. 7 " Eugene Kelly to Retire," Irish American Weekly, December 18, 1893. 8 " What is Doing in Society," The New York Times, October 1, 1898. 9 " Obituary: Margaret Hughes Kelly," Irish American Weekly, February 25, 1899; Life of the Most Reverend John Hughes, D.D., First Archbishop of New York. John R. G. Hassard. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1866, p. 382 10 T he Catholic Church in New Jersey. Joseph M. Flynn. Morristown, NJ: The Publisher's Printing Co., 1904, pp. 97-99. 11 " The Rev. John Kelly." Rev. Henry A. Brann, D. D. Historical Records and Studies, November 1907, Vol. V, Part II, p. 349. 12 " The Rev. John Kelly." Rev. Henry A. Brann, D. D. Historical Records and Studies, November 1907, Vol. V, Part II, p. 351. 13 A History of St. Patrick's Cathedral. Most Rev. John M. Farley. New York, Society for the Propagation of the Faith, 1908, p. 250 14 " The Rev. John Kelly." Rev. Henry A. Brann, D. D. Historical Records and Studies, November 1907, Vol. V, Part II.15 Eugene Kelly, Letter to Archbishop Hughes, October 10, 1860, Archives of the Archdiocese of New York (AANY), Collection 002: Archbishop John Hughes Collection, Box 3, Folder 27. 16 E ugene Kelly, Letter to Archbishop Hughes, April 23 (no year), AANY, Collection 002, Box 3, Folder 27. 17 E ugene Kelly, Letter to Archbishop Hughes, October 3, 1863, AANY, Collection 002, Box 3, Folder 27. 18 " Death Notice," The New York Times, December 21, 1894. 19 " To Build St. Joseph's Seminary," The New York Times, June 5, 1892; A History of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Farley, p. 142. 20 " Edward Kelly," Prominent Families of New York. Weeks. 21 " Edward Kelly," Prominent Families of New York. Lyman Horace Weeks. New York: The Historical Company of New York, 1897. 22 " Two Great Events: Significant Occasions at the Catholic University of America," Evening Star, Washington, DC, October 20, 1896. 23 " Will of Eugene Kelly," The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, January 6, 1895. 24 A ANY, Collection 004: Archbishop Michael Corrigan Collection, Box G-41; Folder: Eugene Kelly Bequests, Catholic Institutions. The full list of institutions is St. Elizabeth's Indian School; Asylum of St. Vincent de Paul; Convent of Mercy; the Sisters of Bon Secours; the Sisters of Misercorida; St. Francis Hospital; St. Joseph's Hospital for Incurable Consumptives; Columbus Hospital; the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum; St. Vincent's Hospital; Catholic Protectory; St. Benedict's Home; Holy Family; Mission of the Rosary; Mission of the Immaculate Virgin; Helpers of the Holy Souls; Home for the Aged of the Sisters of the Poor; St. Joseph's Home for the Aged; Seton Hospital; French Hospital; Creche Washington Square; St. Zita's Home; French Orphan Asylum; St. Vincent de Paul Society; Leo House; St. Francis Hospital; German Asylum; St. Joseph's Home for Children; Good Shepherd; Trade School (Boy's Asylum); St. Elizabeth's Industrial School for Deaf Mutes; St. James' House; Mission for Seamen; St. Joseph's Day Nursery; Presentation Nursery; Foundling Asylum. 25 M argaret Kelly to Archbishop Corrigan, April 23, 1896, AANY, Collection 004, Box G-41, Folder Correspondence: Executors of Will of Eugene Kelly.

NYIHR_P17_Feighery_V30_1R.indd 268/28/17 12:49 PM 26 "D eath Notice," The New York Times, December 21, 1894. 27 " Death of Eugene Kelly," New York Tribune , December 20, 1894. 28 " Eugene Kelly: Tributes to the Memory of the Late Distinguished Irish-American." 29 " Eugene Kelly: Tributes to the Memory of the Late Distinguished Irish-American." 30 " Funeral of John Kelly," Daily Alta California, June 6, 1886. 31 A merican Catholic: The Saints and Sinners who Built America's Most Powerful Church. Charles R. Morris. New York: Vintage Books, 1997, p. 10. 32 I rish Nationalists in America: The Politics of Exile, 1798-1998 , David Brundage. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016, p. 130. 33 "Miscellaneous," Daily Alta California, March 24, 1867. 34 " End of Eugene Kelly," Irish World, December 22, 1894. 35 T he Tribune Almanac and Political Register for 1893. 36 " Eugene Kelly to Retire," Irish American Weekly, December 18, 1893. 37 " Death of Eugene Kelly," New York Tribune , December 20, 1894. 38 " American Personal Opinion," Public Opinion, Vol. 1, April-October 1886, p. 165. 39 I rish-American Historical Miscellany, Crimmins; "Home Rule: Generous Americans Once More to Help Ireland," Irish American Weekly, May 30, 1891; Irish Nationalists in America, Brundage, p. 125. 40 " Dillon and O'Brien: Rousing Reception Given them at New York," San Francisco Call, November 3, 1890. 41 " Funds for Ireland," Daily Alta California, May 24, 1891. 42 E ugene Kelly, Letter to Archbishop Hughes, June 20, 1863, AANY, Collection 002, Box 3, Folder 27. 43 I ncidents of My Life. Thomas Addis Emmet. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1911, p. 264. 44 " American Sympathy for Ireland: Relief Notes." 45 " Funeral of Eugene Kelly," The Evening Telegram , December 22, 1894.46 "Obituary: Margaret Hughes Kelly," Irish American Weekly, February 25, 1899. 47 " A Mother's Instinct," Boston Herald , April 16, 1899. 48 " Obituary: Margaret Hughes Kelly," Irish American Weekly, February 25, 1899. 49 " Obituary: Margaret Hughes Kelly," Irish American Weekly, February 25, 1899. 50 L etter from Margaret Hughes to Archbishop Corrigan, April 15, 1896, AANY, Collection 004, Box G-11, Folder H-K. 51 A Sketch of Seton Hall College, South Orange, New Jersey. William Francis Marshall. Privately published, 1895, p. 64. 52 " Cross of Diamonds for an Archbishop," San Francisco Call, June 5, 1899. 53 L etter from Margaret Hughes to Archbishop Corrigan, no date, AANY, Collection 004, Box C-4, Folder J-K. 54 " A Mother's Instinct," Boston Herald , April 16, 1899. 55 L etter from Msgr. Lavelle to Archbishop Corrigan, July 18, 1890, Collection 004, Box C-25, Folder L. 56 J ohn was drowned in Monterrey, Mexico, the day after his brother Eugene's wedding. See "Drowned in Mexico: Sad Fate of the Son of a Well Known New York Banker." New York Herald , May 20, 1885. Joseph was killed at age twenty-two when a storm caused him to be blown from a train while traveling from New York to South Orange, NJ. See "Death of Joseph F. Kelly," Irish American Weekly , September 21, 1889; "Blown from a Train," The New York Times , September 11, 1889. 57 " Death of Eugene Kelly," The New York Times , January 19, 1912; "Eugene Kelly to Retire," Irish American Weekly, December 18, 1893. 58 H elen Margaret Angela (1884-1952); Eugene Edward (1890-1893); and Eugenia (1895- ?). 59 "Deaths," The New York Times , January 24, 1912. 60 " Eugene Kelly Will Filed," The Long-Islander, February 9, 1912. 61 " Edward Kelly passes away," The Sunday Telegraph , July 28, 1902. 62 " Death of Eugene Kelly," The New York Times , January 19, 1912. NYIHR_P17_Feighery_V30_1R.indd 278/28/17 12:49 PM 63 "E ugene Kelly's Son Titled by Leo," The Daily Argus, July 23, 1892; "Death of Eugene Kelly," The New York Times , January 19, 1912; "Eugene Kelly Will Filed," The Long-Islander, February 9, 1912. 64 " New York and Vicinity," Irish American Weekly, April 18, 1891. 65 " Death of Eugene Kelly," The New York Times , January 19, 1912. 66 " Obituary Notes," Irish World, August 3, 1901. 67 " Will of Eugene Kelly," The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, January 6, 1895; James and Eugenia's children were: Mary Dolores; Adelaide Elizabeth; Eugene Joseph; James A. G.; Louisa Sarah; Henry de Soto; John Charles; and Margaret. 68 " Foundling Asylum Reception," New York Herald , December 29, 1895. 69 "Obituary," The Irish World, April 12, 1890; "The Irish Emigrant Society," New York Herald , June 20, 1875. 70 " Mrs. Margaret Hughes Kelly," The New York Times , February 20, 1899; "Thomas Kelly is Laid to Rest," The New York Sun , February 1, 1933. 71 " Prominent Clergy attend Funeral of Thomas H. Kelly," The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, February 1, 1933; A History of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Farley, p. 262. 72 L etters from Thomas H. Kelly to Archbishop Corrigan, April 8, 1897 and June 2, 1897, AANY, Collection 004, Box G-14, Folder K. 73 " Thomas Kelly is Laid to Rest," The New York Sun , February 1, 1933. 74 " Thomas Kelly is Laid to Rest," The New York Sun , February 1, 1933. 75 L etter from Thomas Hughes Kelly, May 22, 1899, AANY, Collection 004, Box G-19, Folder Ka-Ke; "Thomas Kelly is Laid to Rest," The New York Sun , February 1, 1933. 76 L etter from Thomas Hughes Kelly, May 22, 1899, AANY, Collection 004, Box G-19, Folder Ka-Ke. 77 L etter from Archbishop Corrigan to Thomas Kelly, November 8, 1889, AANY, Collection 004, Box C-31, Folder H-L. 78 " Real Estate," The Evening Post , April 5, 1900. 79 " Kelly-Du Pin Wedding," The Salt Lake Tribune, August 19, 1904.80 "Thomas H. Kelly," The New York Sun, January 23, 1933. 81 " Titanic Relief Funds," The New York Times , May 12, 1912. 82 " England Bars Out New York Irishmen," The New York Times , July 26, 1916. 83 " England Bars Out New York Irishmen," The New York Times , July 26, 1916. 84 " England Bars Out New York Irishmen," The New York Times , July 26, 1916. 85 " Irish Here Indignant," The New York Times , August 4, 1916. 86 " For Break with Britain," The New York Times , August 3, 1916. 87 " Germans Back Irish Fair," The New York Times , September 22, 1916 88 T he Recorder: Bulletin of the American Irish Historical Society, Vol. 6, No. 2, March 17, 1933. Archives of the American Irish Historical Society. 89 " From Country Club Verandas," The New York Times , August 21, 1904. 90 " Irish Writer: Padraic Colum," Boston College Libraries Newsletter, Vol. 15, No. 1, Spring 2014. 91 J ames Joyce's World. Patricia Hutchins. New York: Rutledge, 2016, p. 137. 92 T homas Hughes Kelly, Letter to Patrick Cardinal Hayes, November 25, 1921, AANY, Collection 005: Patrick Cardinal Hayes Collection, Box O-15, Folder 1921 Ka-Ke. 93 L etter from Katherine Angelina Hughes to George Noble Plunkett, Count Plunkett, telling him about Thomas Hughes Kelly's plans regarding the art exhibition for the delegates of the Irish World Race Conference, November 23, 1921. Nationla Library of Ireland: 94 "T homas Kelly is Laid to Rest," The New York Sun, February 1, 1933. 95 " Thomas Kelly is Laid to Rest," The New York Sun, February 1, 1933. NYIHR_P17_Feighery_V30_1R.indd 288/28/17 12:49 PM